Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Treatment

Worries About a Gonorrhea 'Superbug'

Government heath officials are warning that gonorrhea, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, is becoming increasingly resistant to the last type of antibiotics left to treat it.

Although no cases of resistant gonorrhea have been reported in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says its own laboratory studies are detecting growing signs of resistance to a class of antibiotic drugs called cephalosporins. In addition, resistant strains already have shown up in other countries. Recently, two cases in which gonorrhea treatment failed were reported in Norway among heterosexual men, and a new resistant strain of the bacteria was identified from a female sex worker in Japan, a finding reported this week at the International Society for Sexually Transmitted Disease Research conference in Quebec.

The new strain may be “a true superbug that initiates a future era of untreatable gonorrhea,’’ wrote the team of Japanese and Swedish scientists in a recent report about the new strain.

In its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, the C.D.C. reported last week on a decade-long analysis of 5,400 to 6,500 annual gonorrhea cases from men treated in 30 American cities. From 2000 to 2010, the percentage of gonorrhea cases that showed potential resistance to two cephalosporin drugs rose sharply. Surveillance data from 2010 showed that over all, 1.4 percent of samples showed increasing resistance to the oral drug cefixime , up from 0.2 percent in 2000. Resistance to the injectable drug ceftriaxone rose to 3 percent, up from 1 percent a decade ago.

Some parts of the United States showed bigger increases than others. For instance, testing in Honolulu found 7.7 percent of 2010 samples with potential resistance to cefixime, compared with none in 2000. In California, 4.5 percent of samples showed signs of resistance in 2010, up from zero in 2000.

Health officials emphasized that while the signs of growing resistance are seen in laboratory studies, so far in the United States, there have been no cases of treatment-resistant gonorrhea in patients. The trends, however, are concerning, because cephalosporin drugs are the fourth type of antibiotic used to treat gonorrhea since the 1940s. Resistance to penicillin and tetracycline occurred during the 1970s and became widespread during the early 1980s, the C.D.C. reported. More recently, the disease became resistant to a class of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones, and in 2007 the government stopped recommending those drugs for gonorrhea treatment. That left cephalosporin drugs as the last line of defense against gonorrhea.

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PID occurs when a bacteria or organism enters the cervix and spreads Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is caused by an infection that starts in the vagina and spreads upward into the uterus, fallopian tubes and pelvis. Most often, it is caused by a sexually transmitted disease. Women who use intrauterine devices (IUDs) are at increased risk for abortion. PID is a serious condition and requires immediate medical attention. If you are experiencing pelvic pain or symptoms of PID, you should see your gynecologist immediately. If at all possible, maintain a record of your pain and take it with you to your appointment. This will help your physician to know when your pain occurs, timberland boots uk , where it is located, and the severity. Left untreated, PID can become life threatening. If PID is diagnosed and had not progressed to a stage severe enough to require major reconstructive surgery to repair the fallopian tubes, buy vibram shoes , antibiotic therapy made be used. Floxin is now approved by the FDA as the first oral medication sanctioned for independent use for treating pelvic inflammatory disease. Previous recommendations included the use of intravenous antibiotics which required hospitalization. Getting prompt treatment and follow-up care can cure pelvic inflammatory disease and keep it from causing further problems. Follow your doctor's advice closely, finish all your medication and return to your doctor for all scheduled checkups. To avoid reinfection, your sexual partner(s) also should be treated, and you should follow all of the recommendations for prevention. The best protection against PID and other sexually transmitted diseases is to always use a condom unless you are in along term, monogamous relationship and both you and your partner have been tested for HIV and other STD��s. A little inconvenience before sexual intercourse can prevent a lifetime of pain and even death. Remember! Condoms prevent disease and can save lives.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Gonorrhea in women, its pathology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment; together with a review of the rare varieties of the disease which occur in men, women and children

Pediatric and adolescent gynecology